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991.
现阶段,我国收入差距不断拉大,收入分配不公平的问题已经凸现,严重影响了社会主义和谐社会的发展.要解决收入分配存在的问题,必须正确理解公平原则,切实有效地采取措施调节收入分配,在分配领域特别是在再分配领域中更加注重公平,逐步实现公平与效率有机的、动态的结合,促进社会的和谐发展. 相似文献
992.
企业边界:基于动态效率的分析 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
企业边界是企业理论关注的一个焦点,不同的理论分支对之有不一样的见解.本文在批判了新制度经济学中用边际交易成本解释企业边界论的基础上,从企业的知识、能力出发,按照动态效率标准对企业边界提出了自己的看法,即企业依据自身情况制定的发展战略是影响企业边界的重要因素. 相似文献
993.
ABSTRACT This study examines the four commonly tested hypotheses in hydroelectricity consumption – economic growth literature for 12 Asian countries. Our results from a recently developed hidden cointegration technique uncover rich and significant relationships between negative and positive components of the variables under consideration. In particular, we find evidence to support the neutrality hypothesis in five countries (Bangladesh, Indonesia, Pakistan, Philippines, and Thailand), the growth hypothesis in four countries (India, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan), and both growth and conservation hypotheses in three countries (China, Malaysia, and New Zealand). These findings suggest that appropriate economic policies should be elaborated on the basis of the country’s specific hydroelectricity consumption–growth nexus. Finally, our new evidence suggests that the lack of stable relationship between hydroelectricity consumption and economic growth documented in previous studies for some of these countries could be due to the failure to properly account for the nonlinearity property in the data. 相似文献
994.
995.
Leonor Modesto 《Environmental and Resource Economics》1993,3(1):23-39
We investigate whether or not the imposition of a common EC energy-tax will penalize more the poorer Southern European economies and if this will harm convergence at the EC level. We start by surveying briefly the existing studies and empirical evidence. Then we exploit the results obtained when using the macroeconometric HERMES models to simulate the introduction of an energy-tax. Unfortunately, as we only have HERMES results for one Southern European economy, Portugal, our conclusions are limited. Finally, we investigate convergence in Europe and the effects of energy taxation on convergence. We conclude that energy taxation will harm growth all over the EC, penalizing more one of the less developed countries, Portugal, and having most probably adverse effects on convergence.This paper was prepared for presentation at the Conference Energy Tax in Europe organized jointly by the SEO-University of Amsterdam and the DG XII of the CEC and held in Amsterdam on 13th December 1991. I would like to thank the participants in the Conference and two anonymous referees for helpful comments. Of course, the usual disclaimer applies. 相似文献
996.
Despite the abundant research on material flows and the growing recognition of the need to dematerialize the economy, business enterprises are still not making the best possible use of the many opportunities for material efficiency improvements. This article proposes one possible solution: material efficiency services provided by outside suppliers. It also introduces a conceptual framework for the analysis of different business models for eco-efficient services and applies the framework to material efficiency services. Four business models are outlined and their feasibility is studied from an empirical vantage point. In contrast to much of the previous research, special emphasis is laid on the financial aspects. It appears that the most promising business models are ‘material efficiency as additional service’ and ‘material flow management service’. Depending on the business model, prominent material efficiency service providers differ from large companies that offer multiple products and/or services to smaller, specialized providers. Potential clients (users) typically lack the resources (expertise, management's time or initial funds) to conduct material efficiency improvements themselves. Customers are more likely to use material efficiency services that relate to support materials or side-streams rather than those that are at the core of production. Potential client organizations with a strategy of outsourcing support activities and with experience of outsourcing are more keen to use material efficiency services. 相似文献
997.
Joaquim Silvestre 《Economic Theory》2002,20(2):413-425
Summary. Starr (1973) showed that, if people have different subjective probabilities, ex ante and ex post efficiency conflict. Conversely, under the simple preferences that he considered, the discrepancy between ex ante and ex post efficiency disappears when subjective probabilities are identical. Here I consider identical subjective probabilities, but
more general preferences. First, risk attraction is admitted. Second, I dispense with the double requirement (dubbed IZU)
of additive separability and state-independence of the utility of zero-date consumption, an unrealistic requirement when modeling
the investment in durable goods. I find that, under IZU, and as long as ex post preferences satisfy the natural assumption of quasiconcavity (and satisfy some technical qualifications), an ex ante efficient allocation is indeed ex post efficient, but the converse is not necessarily true under risk attraction. If, on the other hand, IZU is violated, then one
can have ex ante efficient allocations that are not ex post efficient, and vice-versa, even under risk aversion.
Received: June 25, 1999; revised version: March 2001 相似文献
998.
在分析了长江三角洲区域创新网络的形成基础上,着重探索长三角区域创新网络非同质化实质和三个创新群的外溢效率内在的逻辑关系,从而构建了基于效率长三角区域创新网络形成内在机理的理论研究框架。长三角区域创新网络效率不仅限于“点”与“点”之间的外溢效应,而主要体现于更高层次“群”与“群”之间的外溢效应。 相似文献
999.
By using Data Envelopment Analysis approach, we treat the health production system in a certain province as a Decision Making
Unit (DMU), identify its inputs and outputs, evaluate its technical efficiency in 1982, 1990 and 2000 respectively, and further
analyze the relationship between efficiency scores and social-environmental variables. This paper has found several interesting
findings. Firstly, provinces on frontier in different year are different, but provinces far from the frontier keep unchanged.
The average efficiency of health production has made a significant progress from 1982 to 2000. Secondly, all provinces in
China can be divided into six categories in terms of health production outcome and efficiency, and each category has specific
approach of improving health production efficiency. Thirdly, significant differences in health production efficiencies have
been found among the eastern, middle and western regions in China, and among the eastern and middle regions. At last, there
is significant positive relationship between population density and health production efficiency but negative relationship
(not very significant) between the proportions of public health expenditure in total expense and efficiency. Maybe it is the
result of inappropriate tendency of public expenditure. The relationship between abilities to pay for health care services
and efficiency in urban areas is opposite to that in rural areas. One possible reason is the totally different income and
public services treatments between rural and urban residents. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust health policies and service
provisions which are specifically designed to different population groups.
__________
Translated from Jingji Yanjiu 经济研究 (Economic Research Journal), 2006, (7): 92–105 相似文献
1000.
It is recommended for economists to examine China’s Urban-Rural disparity from the perspective of transaction efficiency,
in that it can provide us with a systematic explanation to both the cases of different countries and development stages. China’s
Urban-Rural disparity is special and virtually a demonstration of its special transaction efficiency structure. Exploration
of China’s Urban-Rural disparity from such perspective indicates that, different from those in countries with a market economy,
China’s case involves many exogenous and contrived factors. Therefore, the solutions are to improve the whole transaction
efficiency in the economy, which includes eliminating its regionally unfavorable policies and institutions, and enforcing
more favorable and regionally balanced institutional reforms.
__________
Translated from Fudan Journal (复旦学报, Social Science Edition), 2006, (1) (in Chinese) 相似文献